In a significant move towards regulating artificial intelligence (AI), the United Kingdom has become a signatory to the first international treaty aimed at implementing AI safeguards. The framework convention on artificial intelligence, drawn up by the Council of Europe, was signed on Thursday by the UK, EU, US, and Israel in Vilnius. This legally binding agreement mandates that states implement safeguards against potential threats posed by AI to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law. The treaty’s primary objective is to consolidate the existing patchwork of AI regulations into a unified, global framework.
Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood emphasised the dual nature of AI, stating that while it has the capacity to “radically improve” public services and “turbocharge” economic growth, its adoption must not compromise fundamental human rights. The convention, she noted, represents a crucial step in ensuring that these new technologies can be harnessed without eroding core values.
The treaty outlines several key principles that AI systems must comply with, including protecting personal data, non-discrimination, safe development, and preserving human dignity. Governments are expected to introduce measures to stem AI-generated misinformation and prevent systems from being trained on biased data, which could lead to unjust decisions in areas such as job applications or benefits assessments.
Notably, the convention covers AI use by both public authorities and the private sector. Any entity utilising relevant AI systems must assess their potential impact on human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, making this information publicly available. The treaty also stipulates that individuals must be able to challenge AI-made decisions and lodge complaints with authorities.
For the UK, the next step involves a consultation on a new AI bill to ensure existing legislation aligns with the treaty’s provisions. The government has stated that once ratified, the treaty will enhance existing laws and measures in the UK. This landmark agreement marks a pivotal moment in the global effort to regulate AI, balancing technological advancement with the protection of fundamental rights and democratic principles. As AI continues to evolve rapidly, such international cooperation will be crucial in shaping a responsible and ethical AI landscape.
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