US-listed bitcoin mining companies are strategically building reserves of the cryptocurrency to shield themselves from narrowing profit margins amid escalating competition for resources. Industry giants including Mara Holdings, Riot Platforms and CleanSpark have capitalised on bitcoin’s meteoric rise to $100,000, securing more than $3.7bn from investors since November through zero or near-zero coupon convertible notes.
The sector’s aggressive accumulation strategy emerges against the backdrop of Donald Trump’s election victory, with his promise to ensure bitcoin is “mined, minted and made in the USA”. Industry experts suggest the primary motivation behind this stockpiling stems from mounting concerns over escalating energy costs and operational pressures.
The landscape has shifted dramatically for miners since April when the bitcoin network halved its mining rewards from 900 to 450 coins daily. CoinShares data reveals the average production cost per bitcoin for US-listed miners climbed 13% to $55,950 in Q3, with total costs reaching $106,000 when including depreciation and stock-based compensation.
Despite bitcoin trading around $102,175, mining profitability faces continuous pressure from the rising hash rate, which reached historic highs last Friday. The surge in computing power requirements threatens to offset gains from bitcoin’s price appreciation, potentially squeezing corporate profits further.
The industry confronts additional challenges from artificial intelligence developers competing for energy resources. The US Energy Information Agency estimates mining operations currently consume 2.3% of the country’s grid capacity. Texas authorities project a 60% increase in large-scale energy consumption by 2025, prompting enhanced regulatory oversight.
Leading firms are adapting their strategies, with some pursuing international expansion. Mara aims to relocate half its mining operations overseas by 2028, targeting energy-rich regions like Kenya, the UAE and Paraguay. Others, including Hut 8, Core Scientific and Hive, are diversifying by leasing data centre capacity to AI enterprises, leveraging their infrastructure to navigate the evolving digital landscape.
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