In a significant policy shift, French Prime Minister François Bayrou has signalled his willingness to renegotiate Emmanuel Macron’s contentious pension reforms, which raised the retirement age from 62 to 64. The move comes as Bayrou seeks crucial support from leftist parties to pass a deficit-reduction budget through a divided parliament.
The Prime Minister’s proposal, delivered during his maiden policy address, emphasised that any revision to the pension law would require maintaining France’s fiscal stability. The original reform, implemented in 2023, sparked widespread protests and strikes, ultimately contributing to Macron’s party’s poor performance in recent elections.
Socialist party leaders have deemed Bayrou’s concession insufficient, maintaining their stance for either a suspension or complete repeal of the pension reforms. The political impasse has left France operating under emergency budget measures, as the previous conservative premier, Michel Barnier, faced defeat when opposition parties united against his more aggressive deficit-reduction proposals.
The mounting political tension coincides with growing economic pressures. France’s debt-to-GDP ratio has risen to approximately 6.1 per cent, significantly exceeding the EU’s 3 per cent limit. Investment markets have responded negatively, with the spread between French and German bond yields reaching 80 basis points, marking a decade-high premium.
Bayrou’s revised budget strategy aims to reduce the deficit to 5.4 per cent of GDP by late 2025, a less ambitious target than his predecessor’s 5 per cent goal. The economic challenges have intensified as tax revenues fall short of projections and government spending continues to rise.
The political landscape remains precarious as Bayrou’s minority government navigates between Marine Le Pen’s strengthened far-right faction and an influential leftist alliance. The far-left France Unbowed party has announced plans to table a no-confidence motion, though its success appears unlikely without far-right support.
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