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A groundbreaking study involving 215,000 US military veterans with diabetes has revealed that popular weight-loss medications demonstrate a 12 per cent reduction in Alzheimer’s disease risk, whilst simultaneously highlighting increased risks for certain arthritic, kidney and pancreatic conditions.
The comprehensive analysis, examining 2.4 million patients over six years, strengthens the evidence supporting the broader health impacts of blockbuster drugs like Novo Nordisk’s Ozempic and Wegovy, and Eli Lilly’s Mounjaro. The research, published in Nature Medicine, compared 175 health outcomes between patients using GLP-1 treatments and those taking traditional diabetes medications.
Research leader Ziyad Al-Aly from Washington University in St Louis emphasised the importance of understanding these drugs’ full-body effects, particularly given their surging popularity, with approximately one in eight Americans reportedly using them. The study identified beneficial outcomes across 42 health conditions and increased risks in 19 others.
The findings revealed widespread cognitive and behavioural health benefits, including the notable reduction in Alzheimer’s risk. Professor Sir Stephen O’Rahilly from Cambridge University, whilst not involved in the study, noted that despite the data being observationally based and predominantly focused on older white males, the research provides valuable reassurance about the drug class’s safety.
The study uncovered consistent positive effects on addiction disorders, supporting theories linking obesity to food addiction. However, the research also revealed an unexpected 11 per cent increase in arthritis risk, despite weight loss typically being associated with reduced joint issues.
These findings emerge as US pricing for Ozempic and Wegovy faces potential significant reductions following their inclusion in upcoming Medicare negotiations by the Biden administration. The research suggests promising wider applications for GLP-1 drugs whilst emphasising the need for careful monitoring of associated risks.
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